We learn two Mishnayot in today's daf. First, we are taught that if one did not cover a pot of cooked food on erev Shabbat, one may not cover it after dark. However, if one covered the pot while it was still day and it was uncovered on Shabbat, one is permitted to cover it even on Shabbat. Further, one may fill a jug with cold water on Shabbat and place it beneath a pillow or a cushion to prevent it from getting warm.
The rabbis discuss the insulation of cold food. There is concern that one might use something that was previously used to insulate for heat while insulating for cold. Rabbis disagree with each other about the insulation of cold food, but ultimately it is allowed. Interestingly, Steinsaltz does not share more insight about the maintenance of cool temperature on a cushion or pillow, but this would make sense in the very high temperatures (along with the very low temperatures) that would be part of life in ancient middle eastern geography.
The second Mishna asks us with what may an animal go out into the public domain on Shabbat and with what may it not go out? The answer is that a camel may go out with an bit, a naka (white female camel) may go out with a chatom (an iron nose ring), and a Libyan donkey may go out with an iron halter. Finally, a horse may go out with a chain around its neck. We learn that in general all animals that typically have chains around their necks when they go out to the public domain may go out and even be pulled by those chains on Shabbat. If the chains contract ritual impurity, they can be sprinkled with waters of purification (immerse them while in place upon the animals) without being removed.
The Gemara discussed many different possible ways of travelling with animals. Is it only a camel that can go out with a nose ring? Can a goat be pulled by a hole carved by its horns? Or attached to its beard? It is of note that animals are not permitted to work, or carry a burden, on Shabbat, but they are permitted to be taken through the public domain.
The rabbis discuss the insulation of cold food. There is concern that one might use something that was previously used to insulate for heat while insulating for cold. Rabbis disagree with each other about the insulation of cold food, but ultimately it is allowed. Interestingly, Steinsaltz does not share more insight about the maintenance of cool temperature on a cushion or pillow, but this would make sense in the very high temperatures (along with the very low temperatures) that would be part of life in ancient middle eastern geography.
The second Mishna asks us with what may an animal go out into the public domain on Shabbat and with what may it not go out? The answer is that a camel may go out with an bit, a naka (white female camel) may go out with a chatom (an iron nose ring), and a Libyan donkey may go out with an iron halter. Finally, a horse may go out with a chain around its neck. We learn that in general all animals that typically have chains around their necks when they go out to the public domain may go out and even be pulled by those chains on Shabbat. If the chains contract ritual impurity, they can be sprinkled with waters of purification (immerse them while in place upon the animals) without being removed.
The Gemara discussed many different possible ways of travelling with animals. Is it only a camel that can go out with a nose ring? Can a goat be pulled by a hole carved by its horns? Or attached to its beard? It is of note that animals are not permitted to work, or carry a burden, on Shabbat, but they are permitted to be taken through the public domain.
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