Shabbat 93: Liability of Two People for Carrying, the Zav, Carrying Out as Secondary Action

The rabbis continue to analyze carrying out done by two people on Shabbat.  Does it matter if one person could have done the lifting alone? Does it matter if the wording is that a person who sins, one who sins, and by performing it he sins?   Whom might this wording exclude?  Does it matter if one person lifts and another places?  The example of a zav sitting on a three-legged bed is shared - the fourth leg is in fact accounted for by four garments.  All of these are considered to be ritually impure for all are required to hold up the zav.  Other example are shared regarding the zav's ability to transmit ritual impurity given specific circumstances.  The rabbis are concerned with the how different measures might lead to liability.

Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak mentions the story of a deer who enters a house and one locks it in before Shabbat - that person is liable for trapping on Shabbat.  If two people do this they are exempt. If one is incapable of locking alone and so two people did it, they are liable.  Why?  The require a measure of trapping for each person.  Stealing and slaughtering an animal (by two people) leads to paying four or five times its value by Torah law.  One measure of slaughtering is not sufficient for each of them in that case, and so each requires punishment for trapping in this case.  Rav Ashi shares a similar story regarding a weaver's reed.  

We end today's daf with a new Mishna: One who carries out foods less than the measure that determines liability for carrying out food in a vessel on Shabbat is exempt, even for carrying out the vessel, because the vessel is secondary to the food it carries.  One who carries out a living person on a bed is exempt even for carrying out the bed, because the bed is secondary to the person.  One who carries out a corpse on a bed is liable, or even an olive-bulk of a corse, or that much of an animal carcass or a lent9l-bulk of a creeping animal on a bed is liable.  Rabbi Shimon says that one is exempt in these cases.  He says that one is only liable for performing a prohibited labour for its own sake.  Carrying out an object to bring it to its destination is liable.  We carry out corpses or animal carcasses to be rid of them.