Shabbat 124: Moving Objects That Have a Purpose & Exceptions, Like What is Set Aside

A new Mishna teaches that all vessels may be moved for a specific purpose and not for a specific purpose.  Rabbi Nechemya says that vessels may only be moved for a specific purpose.  Rashi teaches that this means that all vessels may be moved, but some may be moved  only for a specific purpose and others might just be moved.  The rabbis will argue about what a purpose and what is not a purpose.  

Does the purpose refer to a vessel's place or its purpose?  Is it about a vessel's primary purpose?  Does it matter how these things are carried when they are moved?  Like a chamber pot, which is disgusting?  Are we moving something from the sun to the shade?  

We have learned that "the only difference between a Festival and Shabbat is with regard to the preparation of food alone" this is by Torah or rabbinic law other than food preparation activities.  These include lighting a fire and carrying items from one domain to another, which have no specific purpose otherwise.  

Beit Shammai say that one may neither carry a child nor a lulav nor a Torah scroll out to the public domain on a  Festival and Beit Hillel permit doing so - they say that we may carry object from one domain to another on a Festival for a purpose other than carrying food.

The Gemara argues about this.  They speak about leaving felt cushions in the sun on Shabbat; it is permitted for others to move them but not for one who believes that it is prohibited.  If moving an object causes the transgression of another halacha, it is not permitted.  

Another new Mishna teaches that regarding all vessels that may be moved on Shabbat, their shards may be moved along with them as long as they are suited for some purpose.  Shards of a large bowl may be used to cover the mouth of a barrel.  Shards of a glass vessel may be used to cover the mouth of a cruse.  These shards are not sharp enough to cut.  Rabbi Yehuda says that as long as they are suited for a purpose similar to their original use, it is permitted to use shards of a large bowl to pour soup into them and shards of a glass vessel to pour oil into them.  

Is the dispute in this Mishna regarding where the vessel broke on erev Shabbat?  We are allowed to kindle a fire on a Festival with whole vessels but not with shards of vessels.  The rabbis also consider things like bricks left over from building, where it is permitted to move them on Shabbat because they are suited for sitting.  If they are arranged in a pile, they have been mentally set aside and it is prohibited to move them.  This rule is in place for other examples as well.