Today's daf includes Abaye's comment that there is one commandment that we should count the days of the omer and a second commandment that we should count the weeks. Although we no longer use sacrifices to mark our dedication, we know from modern practice that counting the days actually means saying aloud that we are at a certain day of the omer.
The Gemara teaches that Rav Ashi's students counted both days and weeks. Ameirar's beit madras only counted days without weeks - it was in memory of the fallen Temple, and thus a partial counting was enough.
The Rambam said that there is a single mitzvah of counting. Rabbeinu Yerucham said that there are two separate mitzvot so that the Temple would stand with two blessings. The basic requirement would be to say "...that are a single week in the omer", or "that are two weeks in the omer", etc.
We learn in Steinsaltz's commentary that the Ba'al Halachot Gedolot ruled that one who missed a day of counting was done with his counting. Tosafot question this logic: the Rosh says that if counting every day is a mitzvah then one day missed should not affect the other days. Apparently, Behag suggested that the mitzvah is counting in full. The daily blessing is on filling part of the mitzvah. Even today, if one misses one day of counting, he should continue counting - but without reciting a blessing on the following days.
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