Sunday 19 July 2020

Shabbat 135: Circumcision and Timing of Birth, Stillborn Babies

At the start of our daf, we are reassured that we do not circumcise an infant when Shabbat is the eighth day if that infant is androgynos or if it was born circumcised.  A person already circumcised before converting to Judaism is made to drip at least a drop of blood from the process.  The rabbis consider a baby born at seven months to be healthy, and thus they are circumcised at eight days even if that desecrates Shabbat.  If the baby is born at eight months, it is considered to be at a higher risk of danger, and it should not be moved.  However, the mother ma lean over her baby no nurse it, and circumcision can wait.

The rabbis consider instances where concealed foreskins and other medical cases or cases of doubt lead to further discussion about how and when to circumcise.  It is noted that mothers are made to be impure following the seven days after birth.  That one day is the day of circumcision.  Is this the same day that a slave might be purchased in a monetary transaction.  A maidservant might become pregnant; her baby is circumcised at 8 days.  If a home-born child was circumcised at one day, she can immerse for the purpose of becoming a maidservant as well.  A fetus is bought along with its mother if the mother is pregnant when bought as a slave. Arrangements can be made for another person to buy her fetus - in that case, the fetus is circumcised at one day. 

According to halacha, a baby who dies within its first 30 days is considered to be born still.  We know that The Gemara then asks the unspoken question: how can we circumcise a stillborn and still keep Shabbat?  We cannot know whether or not the child will die weeks later. Clearly it was dangerous to assume that pregnancies would result in children.  I wonder if people tried to to attach themselves to their babies until they had lived through their first weeks.

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